CURL is a standard library for making a request to a server. Its a more robust way to interact with servers besides pinging and allows the user a variety of ways to tweak communication between servers. This library is good to use for command line connection prototyping and application API calls.
It doesnt have to be Mysql but getting the general language and syntax for any relational database would be good to understand. Understanding "ACID" protocols and structures is also good. Knowing about infrastructure and scaling practices is mostly for DBAs but you should know the basics of creating, joining, and inserting updating, and indexing tables.
Many good services require knowledge of public key sharing or requiring ssh access to remote servers. Simple ssh knowledge usually means that you also have basic terminal skills and understanding of gaining remote access to a server which are all good skills to have in your day to day manipulation, moving ,and accessing of files.
This is a very important and very basic kind of attack on a database. Knowing how to handle SQL injection is only the start of securing your data but it encapsulates an important idea which is to never trust the data is not corrupted.
Factory classes/methods is a simple design pattern to define and standardize a single interface to create multiple types of objects. Its a nice way simplify interaction with a problem that has many underlying complexities. The factory methods also lend themselves to being dynamically generated from simpler data structures that can be selected and passed to the factory without the overhead of having each type of object created before its type selection.
A CSV file is a very simple way to structure rows of data. Its also very lightweight and requires no extra applications. Try writing a parser or at least look into the function calls you might need to make like "find file" , "open file" , "read file line". This simple task will give you an opening to the basics of storing data.
To understand what a javascript closure is, is to understand what makes javascript a powerful language. The expressive nature of a javascript closure is a great tool in creating a nice feature library or interacting with event based systems.
Understanding how to manipulate the rules of the CSS position rules (absolute, fixed, relative) is important to getting certain layouts to be pixel perfect.
Be familiar. Its not a tough task. Once you are inside a media query its just the same ol CSS environment. So once you get over the hurdle of setting up the correct query you have conquered responsive design.
In firefox I use the "firebug" console but Chrome's console is good too. You can do a lot of on the fly prototyping and testing in the console. You can check to see if a library is loaded or check the response of an ajax call or manipulate the DOM/CSS to see what would happen for a particular layout.
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